Nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors is a procedure that entails complete local resection of a renal tumor while leaving the largest possible amount of normal functioning parenchyma in the involved kidney. in the past it was only employed in cases with absolute indications, now its indications are increasing, not only to cases with relative indications, but also to elective indications. This book contains a review of literature for nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors, including its advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications, preparation for it, its different techniques, its results, complications and follow-up protocols after performing it, besides a review to applied renal anatomy and a review to the experience of the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt in ten years with this procedure.